| psychometrics | make measurements/assessments for psychology |
| developmental | study changes as people age |
| educational | study how people learn and study |
| personality | study patterns of thinking/behavior |
| social | study SOCIAL interactions in groups, gangs, cults, |
| industrial-organizational | how to better workplace, productivity, assist with recruitment/assessment of employees |
| human factors/engineering/ergonomics | why are products designed the way they are, consider human preferences in product design |
| counseling | need masters, deals with minor life issues, cannot diagnose disorders |
| clinical | diagnoses disorders, need PhD, cannot prescribe med |
| psychiatrists | diagnose disorders, prescribe medicine |
| community psychology | study interactions between people and environment |
| Psychology definition | scientific study of behavior and mental processes |
| roots of psychology | biology and philosophy |
| monism | mind and body are the same thing, consciousness (mind) is a function of the brain |
| dualism | mind and body are separate, consciousness interacts with body |
| empiricism | method of research that draws conclusions only from observations, NO ASSUMPTIONS |
| Wilhelm Wundt | first to do lab experiments, founded structuralism |
| Edward Tichener | set up introspection lab in Cornell, studied structuralism |
| G. Stanley Hall | introspection lab in John Hopkins, founded APA and was first prez. |
| William James | founded functionalism |
| Mary Whiton Calkins | completed PhD, didn't graduate, first female prez of APA, studied structuralism and functionalism |
| Margaret Washburn | first to graduate with PhD, second femala APA prez. |
| Functionalism | studied purpose of thoughts and actions and behavior |
| structuralism | study basic elements of consciousness, thoughts and feelings |
| Gestalt Psychology | opposite of structuralism, studied consciouness as a whole, idea that brain perceives things as a whole, (figure-ground, closure, similarity, proximity, connectedness, continuity) |
| Behaviorists (list) | Ivan Pavlov, B.F Skinner, John B. Watson |
| studied psychodynamic | sigmund freud |
| humanists | abraham maslow and carl rogers |
| evoluntionists | charles darwin |
| figure-ground phenomenon | subconsciously distinguishing between foreground and background |
| closure | see things as completed when its not |
| similarity | same appearances –> grouped together |
| proximity | close together –> grouped together |
| continuity | tendency to see lines in a smooth fluid motion |
| connectedness | things physically connected together –> associated together |